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Start to Finish The Endurance Test

This is info from an article in the June, 2000 issue of Woodworkers Journal.

Picking the "best" finish for your most recent woodworking triumph may seem like a daunting task, given the confusing array of choices. To make the correct choice, start out by answering three primary questions before you begin:

1. How durable does the finish need to be;
2. What kind of appearance do I want; and
3. Whats the best application for me?

Durability
Durability is the first thing you should determine. Ask yourself, "what must this wood working finish endure." An art turning can get by with nothing more than a coat of oil. A kitchen table or countertop, which needs to endure hot coffeepots, scratches, stains, and even chemicals and strong cleansers, will require something much more durable. Patio and outdoor furniture will need a finish that can stand up to temperature and humidity variances. Salad bowls and cutting boards need a special "salad bowl" finish, which is specifically made for woodworking objects which come into contact with food.

Durability is also affected by how thickly a finish is applied. A very thin finish regardless of the type, will not protect wood working as well as a thicker application of the same finish.

Appearance
Staining, of course, changes the color of the woodwork, but clear finishes will also alter the appearance of the woodworking. Most waterborne lacquers and polyurethanes are completely clear to slightly blue-gray. They will add almost no color to white wood work such as maple, holly, and spruce. Shellac and lacquer will add warmth and color to the woodwork. Oils (including Danish Oil, Tung Oil, and oil-based poyurethanes) generally add the greatest amount of amber tones to wood, especially when several coats are applied.

With figured wood work, such as curly or birds eye maple, you can actually use the finish to intensify the figure, or "pop the grain," even without staining. One of the best "grain poppers" around is boiled linseed oil but shellac, lacquer, and most oil-based varnishes will also do the trick to wood working.

By adding one or two coats of shellac to a piece of figured woodworking, you can achieve a stunning effect called "chatoyance," from the French meaning "like a cats eye." If youve ever seen the semi-precious stone Tiger-Eye, youll notice that as you change your viewing angle, the light and dark bands of color change places; this is chatoyance.

Application
Most finishes can be applied in a variety of ways. Shellac, for instance, can be wiped on, brushed on, or sprayed on to woodworking. The same is true of Danish Oil, varnish, and most waterbornes. Some finishes, however, lend themselves more to one application style or another, and others are formulated for a particular application method.

Waxes and gel finished are specifically designed for wipe-on application to woodwork. Though nearly every varnish or polyurethane can be wiped on instead of brushed on, some are designed for easy wiping and thin application. This will usually be stated on the can.

Certain lacquers and conversion varnishes are designed for spraying and will dry too fast if applied with a brush or rag.

To help you choose the right finish using Dresdners "Appearance, Durability and Application" approach, weve made a comparison guide of all our carefully selected finishing products for wood work. See our Finishing Matrix for a complete chart of products. Michael Dresdner is a nationally known woodworking and finishing expert and author.

This article originally appeared in Woodworkers Journal May/June 2000 issue. For a free trial issue, visit Woodworkers Journal Online.